Heating apparatus.



No. 672,509.. Patontacl Apr. 23, I90I. J. F. MBELBOY.

HEATING APPARATUS. A umi filed. July 8, 1895.)

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6 OJMm Atrmn Eg on. mom-urns" wnsumcmn No. 672,509. Patented Apr. 23, m. J. F. McELROY.

HEATING APPARATUS;

(Application filed July 8, 1895.)

4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

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- J. F. MGELRUY.

HEALING APPARATUS.

(Applicati'on filed July 8, 1895.) (No Model) 4 Sheets-$heet 4.

L'Lli 55555 THE norms PETERS co. mom-Una. wmnmumm 'u. c

UNITED STATES PATENT FFICE.

JAMES F. MCELROY, OF ALBANY, NEW. YORK, ASSTGNOR TO CONSOLIDATED OAR-HEATING COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

HEATING APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 672,509, dated April 23, 1901.

Application filed July 8, 1895. Serial No. 565,234. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

, Be it known that I, JAMES F. MOELROY, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city and county of Albany, State of New York,

.5 have invented a new and usefullmprovement in Heating Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relatesto improvements in heating apparatus adapted to be used in railway-cars, in which hot water is the medium for conveying the heat, which is or may be supplied from two sources, substantially as shown in my Patent No. 469,864, dated March 1, 1892, which apparatus is so arranged that the circulating system shall be heated at four points substantially equidistant from each other and in such manner that by the time the circulation has moved through one-quarter of the circuit the water contained in the pipingis all heated; also, to provide a means for causing the circulation .to take place in a predetermined direction. I attain these objects by means of the mechanism illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is aperspective View of a car-floor with part broken away, showing my system as connected up. Fig. 2 is an end elevation of the drum 4. Fig. 3 is a vertical longitudinal section along the line 1 1 on Fig. 2. Fig. 0 4 is a horizontal longitudinal section along the lines 2 2 on Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a cross-section along the line 3 3 on Fig. 3. Fig. 6 is a perspective View of the drum 4, showing the depressions in the pipes containing the circulating medium. Fig. 7 is a horizontal sec tion of the drum 4, partly broken away.

Similar characters refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

I place a drum 4 beneath the car-floor, sup- 40. ported by any appropriate means and supplied with steam by means of the pipes 9 and 10. This drum 4 iscapped at each end, and through these caps extend spur-tubes O and G closed by caps c c at their inner ends. Said spur-tubes are nearly half the length of the drum and are inclosed therein. Through the heads of the drum and inclosed by it are also arranged two crossover-pipes, preferably corrugated, as shown at A and E.

Exterior castings 5 and 8 are appropriately threaded and connected to tubes 0 and G at their outer ends by means of interior fittings, as shown in Fig. 3. These castings are hollow and afiord circumferential spaces around inner tubes 0 G, open at the ends, and which extend concentrically within the spurtubes C and Gibeing rigidly supported therein by being attached to the castings 5 and 8 in such manner that an open communication is afforded between the communicating pipes G and G and also O and 0. These pipes O and G are connected with the circulatingpipes, as hereinafterdescribed. Arising from the castings 5 and 8 and communicating with the interior thereof are the elbowed pipes D and H, which also communicate with the circulatingsystem, as hereinafter described, and illustrated by the arrows in Figs. 1 and 3.

In Figs. 2, 3, and 4 are shown the corrugated pipes A and E, which are also inclosed, as hereinbefore stated, in the drum 4. These pipes have appropriate connections with the circulating system by means of the outside connecting-pipes A, B, E, and F. Thus it will appear there are four connections with the circulating system made by means of the. pipes mentioned at either end of the drum, each of which corresponds withone-eighth of the circulating system, or, as they are coupled up in series, two of which, as herein- So after described, correspond with one-fourth of the circulating system. It is also obvious that the coupling might be done in various manners, so as to produce a circulation as shownin Fig. 1 or a circulation reversed from that in Fig. 1.

Within the car J there is placed the heater K, containing the coil is, which is connected with the expansion-drum L, all of which is preferably placed in one corner of the car. The water of circulation passes through the pipe A, arranged along one side of the car, one end of which com muuicates with the expansion-drum L and the other with one of the corrugated crossover-pipes A within the drum 4. The opposite end of the corrugated pipe A is connected with the pipe B, which extends upward through the floor of the car, into it, thence along the side of the car to the end opposite that occupied by the heater K, where it is met by the pipe O, which eX- tends substantially parallel with the pipe B along the side of the car to about its center,

and thencepasses downward and communicates with the pipe located within the drum 4. The pipe 0 having its interiorend open, a communication is afiorded with the concentric space within the spa r 0 and from thence an open communication is afforded,

through the casting 5, with the pipe D. This pipe also extends upward through the floor and thence along the side of the car in the opposite direction from that occupied by the pipes B and O and is connected at its farther 4 end with the pipe E, which extends back in a similar manner relatively to Dthat B does to O, thence to about midway between the 'ends of the car, passing downward and connec'ting with the corrugated pipe E within the drum, the opposite end of the pipe E being connected with the pipe F, which also extends upward through the floor into the car,

and thence along the side of the car substantiaily parallel to the pipe E upon the opposite side, andis connected at its end with the retu rn-pipe G, which extends back to the center of the car and downward through the floor Somewhat diiferent; butit would require the heater to be placed in an opposite corner of the car, as shown in dotted lines in that figure, and it is only introduced to show how a variation can be made in the circulation by means of a change in the connections.

It is apparent that the heater in the car may be placed in either corner, and instead of the water of circulation passing into the crossover-pipe and thence to the other side of thetcar from that from which it started it may "be passed into one of the spurs, and thence returned to the same side of the car to be carried to the opposite end, and then be returned. 5

back to the center, thence through the crossover-pi pe to the opposite side of the'car,t'hence back to the center into the spur, and thence back to the same side of the car, making the 're'turn at the opposite end of the car and back to the center, and thence through the other crossover to the opposite side'of the car, thence to the opposite end of the car from the heater, thence back to the center of the car into the a opposite spur, thence back to the same side of the car, and returned to the coil in the heater.

In order to insure the circulation of the water in the proper direction, I provide depressions in the pipes of circulation-adjacent to the drum, as at X Y, which are shown more particularly in Fig. 6. It is a wel1-known fact that when water is heated steam will be formed in the water of circulation. When the pipes'containing the water of circulation are in a horizontal position, there is no more reason for the flow of the water in one direction than in the other. In order to compel the water to flow in the proper direction, I' place the depressions in such a manner that the column of water at the side of the depressions shall act upon the steam formed in the pipe to force it out in the opposite direction from that in which the depression is placed in the pipe. In supplying heated steam to the drum it is obvious that the water contained within the spurs or pipes therein and in the crossovers will become heated and therefore expand. After receiving a sufficient amount of heat to overcome the static pressure of the. circulating fluid steam will begin to form, and both the heated water and the steam will rise to the highest points. The depressions will create at these points a greater resistance to the flow, and therefore will compel the [low to take place in a proper direction. -By forcing out the steam in the direction aforesaid, I mean, the column of water on one side being so arranged that in order to go in the direction not desired, the steam would be obliged to rise against the column of water, which thus offers a resistance too great for the steam to overcome, and thus the steam is driven out in theother direction, whereits path is comparatively unobstructed.

The drum being placed beneath a car in a substantially horizontal position, itis apparout that there is very little room for the construction of the pipes in such manner that they cancoccupy a position materially different from a horizontal position. Therefore these depressions are placed at the end of the drum, as'shown in Fig. 6. In this manner the circulation is started in the required direction and is carried throughout the whole system. After the circulation has commenced it will proceed until the water thus forced out of the pipes within the drum returns to it,

that from the crossover-pipes returning to the spurs or loops, as the case may be, and

that from the spurs or loops returning to the crossover-pipes upon each side, respectively.

Thus no portion of the circulating water wouldinasmuch as I practically furnish it simultaneously at four points. I have also to overcome the inertia and friction to only onefourth of the pipe instead of the whole or half, as in other systems employing steamheated drain-s in the line of hot-water circulation, and

ICS

should an ai r-plug form in any one of the pipes the combined action of the four risersin which steam is generated would be brought to bear to drivethe air out of the pipes into the expansion-drum. It will be observed that the drum is so peculiarly constructed that no difficulty exists in arranging the pipes A and E, as the caps on both ends of the drum are made alike, and the pipes A E are screwed in their opposite ends, allowing the pipes to be withdrawn at one end. As these pipes are corrugated, they can be contracted or expanded so that no difficulties from contraction or expansion will exist. The threads can be caught at the opposite end of the drum with a suitable fitting e, and the fitting turned at the opposite end, being thus turned so that the two fittings make up together.

It is apparent that it will make no difference in regard to my invention as to Whether the heater occupies the position at right angles to or parallel with the axis of the car. It is also evident that many different arrangements of the pipes in detail may be made and still use the same drum to heat the circulating system at four points equally distant from each other, so that by the time the circulation is moved through on e-quarter of the circle the pipe is all heated. The crossoverpi pes within combination of a drum located substantially horizontally, crossover-pipes iuclosed therein and extending therethrough, inwardly-projecting spurs composed of two concentric pipes, the outer one of which is closed at its inner end, the inner of said pipes communieating with the circulating system and receiving therefrom an inflow of fluid, the outer of said pipes communicating with an extension of said system and delivering thereto the fluid received from the inner pipe, said extensions of the circulating system communieating with the crossover-pi pes through which 'the circulating fluid must pass in its inward course, and means for supplying steam to said drum for the purpose set forth, substantially as described.

a ing therefrom an inflow of fluid, the outer of said pipes communicating with an extension of said system and delivering thereto the fluid received from the inner pipe, said extensions of the circulating system communicati ng with the crossover-pi pes through which the circulating fluid must pass in its iuward course, means for supplying steam to said drum for the purpose set forth, and means for heating the circulatory medium at some point within the car independent of the drum, substantially as described.

3. In a car-heatingapparatus,a drum placed beneath the floor of the car about midway between its ends in a substantially horizontal position, a means for conveying steam to said drum from the train-pipe, pipes extending the length of said drum attached securely at both ends to the drum and adapted to be removed from the drum without taking the drum apart, an inwardly-projecting pipe with a closed inner end secured at each end of said drum, a pipe of smaller diameter enveloped by each of said inwardly-projecting pipes,and pipes of circulation arranged along the sides of the car connected with said pipes in said drum, substantially as described and for the purpose set forth.

4. In a car-heating apparatus, a heater placed within the car adapted to heat the water of circulation, pipes of circulation arranged along the sides of said car, a drum placed beneath the floor of the car in a substantially horizontal position, crossover-pipes placed within said drum, inwardly-projecting pipes with closed inner ends placed at each end of said d rum, pipes of smaller diameter placed within each of said inwardly-projecting pipes, said pipes of circulation connected with each of said pipes in such a manner that the circulating system shall be heated at four points equally distant from each other, substantially as described and for the purpose set forth.

5. In a car-heating apparatus, a drum located in a substantially horizontal position placed beneath the floor of the car adapted to be supplied with steam from the locomotive, an inwardly-extending pipe secured to each end of said drum, crossover-pipes with closed inner ends extending through and from said drum,a pipe ofsmaller diameter placed within each of said inwardly-extending pipes in said drum, a heater placed within the car, pipes of circulation placed on each side of said car connected with pipes in said drum, so arranged that the oirculation of water in the car is from the heater down to the center of the car on one side into the pipe enveloped by the inwardly-projecting pipe in said drum, from said inwardly-projecting pipe into the pipe of circulation on the same side of the car, extending to the end of the car opposite that from which it started and back to the center, where it enters one of the crossover-pipes within said drum, passes to the opposite side of the car through one of the pipes of circulation extending to the end of the car oppo- IIO site that occupied by the heater and back again to one of the pipes enveloped by the inwardly-projectin g pipes in said drum, passing out into one of the pipes of circulation extending along the same side of the car to the 0pposite end thereof and back, passing through one of the crossover-pipes within said drum through the pipeconnected to the heater, substantially as described and for the purpose set forth.

6. In a car-heating apparatus, the combi- I nation of a closed substantially horizontally placed drum, means for supplying hot steam thereto, a system of water-pipes connected with a circulatory system inclosed in said drum, one half of which extend therethrough, and the other half of which extend within the drum and return upon themselves, substantially as described.

'7. In asteam-heating drum located in substantially a horizontal position, the combination of the shell, screw-caps constituting chambers and received pipes, a portion of which extend therethrough, and another portion extend inwardly and return upon themselves, substantially as described.

8. In a steam-heating drum placed in substantially a horizontal position, the combination of the shell, screw-caps received pipes adapted to carry a heating liquid, means whereby an initial-heating liquid is supplied to said drum, trapped depressionsi-n the extension of said pipes contiguous to the ends of the drum adapted to utilize a difference in specific gravity of the inflowing fluid to compel-na forward movement thereof, substandaily as described and for the purpose set forth.

9. In a steam-heating drum placed in substantially a horizontal position, the combination of a shell, screw-caps received pipes adapted to carry a heating liquid, means wvhereby an initial-heating liquid is supplied to said drum, depressions in the extensions of said pipes, so arranged that the inflowing liquid will be compelled tomove in a predetermined direction when heated in said drum, substantially as described;

10. In a car-heating apparatus, the combination of a closed drum placed in substantiaily a horizontal position, means for supplying steam thereto, a system of water-pipes connected with'the circulatory system and infloor of the car, placed in substantiallya horizontal position, crossover-pipes placed within said drum, and means for heating the water of circulation in said drum and returning the same to theendbf the drum which it entered,

depressions in the circulating-pipes near the ends of the drum, all so arranged that the JAMES F. MOELROY.

Witnesses H. J. NODINE, W P. EDDY. 

